A powder chitosan-based material can be used for biomedical applications. The chitosan has been treated in a nitrogen field by applying energy to ionize nitrogen in and around the chitosan material. A single or multiple such treatments may be employed. For example, the chitosan material may be irradiated under nitrogen using γ-irradiation, treated under a nitrogen plasma, or both. A powder chitosan material can be readily treated by surface modifying treatments such as irradiating under nitrogen using γ-irradiation, treating under a nitrogen plasma, or both.
