The present invention relates to compositions for promoting differentiation or proliferation of erythrocytic cells containing a monoacetyl diacylglycerol compound as an active ingredient, and pharmaceutical compositions and health functional food compositions for preventing, treating or alleviating erythrocytopenia containing the same. The monoacetyldiacylglycerol compound of the present invention is effective in promoting differentiation or proliferation of erythrocytic cells. The compound can overcome the side effects of the conventional anemia treatment medicines, and has less toxicity. Thus, the compound can be effectively used for preventing, treating or alleviating oligocythemia.
