A vertebral balloon dilation system, comprising a pushing tube (2) and a balloon (1) fixedly connected to the distal end of the pushing tube (2). The system can withstand water pressure of no less than 10 atm. The pushing tube (2) is a rigid tube, and the inner cavity thereof is in communication with the interior of the balloon (1). The balloon (1) is made of a membrane material, and the distal end thereof is fixedly connected to a distally closed sealing head (11). The system also comprises a sleeve tube (3) and a liner core (4) the liner core (4) is slidably inserted into the pushing tube (2), the distal end part being a curved section (41). The balloon (1) is wrapped around the curved section (41) of the liner core (4). The distal end part of the sleeve tube (3) is a radially rigid flexible section (31), and the proximal end is a rigid section (32) the sleeve tube (3) is sleeved over the pushing tube (2) and the balloon (1). When the vertebral balloon dilation system is operated, the sleeve tube (3) slides axially towards the proximal end of the pushing tube (2), and the balloon (1) is exposed. The system requires puncturing on only one side and the dilated balloon can be fed into the centre or side of the vertebral body, and does not require the use of a bone drill to open a cavity before feeding in the dilated balloon, thus simplifying the surgical procedure, shortening surgery time, reducing the occurrence of complications, and alleviating the pain and economic burden of the patient.La présente invention concerne un système de dilatation vertébrale à ballonnet, comprenant un tube de poussée (2) et un ballonnet (1) raccordé de manière fixe à lextrémité distale du tube de poussée (2). Le système peut résister à une pression deau pas inférieure à 10 atm. Le tube de poussée (2) est un tube rigide, et sa cavité intérieure est en communication avec lintérieur du ballonnet (1). Le ballonnet (1) est en un matériau de membrane, et son extrémité distale est fixement rac
