The invention discloses a valuable document identification method comprising the following steps of: (1) acquiring the original red infrared image, the kind, the nominal amount and the orientation data of the current valuable document (2) the dimension data and the red infrared feature data of a corresponding standard valuable document (3) carrying out collection treatment on the original red infrared image by applying an image projection transformation technology to form a second red infrared image matched with the standard valuable document in dimension (4) acquiring the red infrared feature data of the current valuable document from the second red infrared image and comparing the red infrared feature data of the current valuable document with the red infrared feature data of the standard valuable document to identify the authenticity of the current valuable document and (5) outputting an identification result. Compared with the prior art, the valuable document identification method has the advantages that the original red infrared image is subjected to correction treatment, thus, the requirement for the acquiring quality of the original red infrared image is reduced, a camera on simple mobile equipment can be directly utilized to collect images, and the authentic identification precision is improved. In addition, the invention discloses a corresponding valuable identification device.
