A method for producing a porous material from a liquid solution comprising a biocompatible polymer, the method comprising: a. introducing the biocompatible polymer solution into a thermally insulated container with a thermally conductive surface； b. optionally, allowing at least part of the biocompatible polymer solution to gel, cooling the vessel in a cooling device at a temperature in the range from the melting point of the sample (Tm) to 25 ° C； c. freeze the gel / biocompatible polymer solution in a controlled manner through the thermally conductive surface by: (i) the rapid drop in the temperature of the cooling device between approximately -10 ° C and approximately -50 ° C, in no more than 5 minutes , in order to form a thin layer of gel / solution of biocompatible polymer frozen on the thermally conductive surface； (ii) the rapid rise of the temperature of the cooling device, in no more than 5 minutes, at a temperature closer to but still less than Tm； (iii) the gradual reduction of the temperature of the cooling device to induce a constant unidirectional growth rate of ice crystals in the biocompatible gel / polymer solution, initiated from the frozen layer formed in step c (i)； and d. lyophilize the product from step c (iii).Un método para producir un material poroso a partir de una solución líquida que comprende un polímero biocompatible, comprendiendo el método: a. introducir la solución de polímero biocompatible en un recipiente térmicamente aislado con una superficie térmicamente conductora； b. opcionalmente, permitir que al menos parte de la solución de polímero biocompatible se gelifique, enfriando el recipiente en un dispositivo de enfriamiento a una temperatura en el intervalo desde el punto de fusión de la muestra (Tm) hasta 25 ºC； c. congelar el gel/solución de polímero biocompatible de manera controlada a través de la superficie térmicamente conductora mediante: (i) la caída rápida de la temperatura del dispositivo de enfriamiento entre aproximad
