The present invention relates to a control system for a plant incubator, specifically to a smart control system and control method for a plant incubator based on a single chip microcomputer, and comprises a detection module, an environment control module, a storage module, and an input/output module all connected to a single chip microcomputer module; the environment control module is used for controlling the temperature, humidity, illumination intensity, and CO2 concentration inside the incubator. The smart control system and control method for a plant incubator based on a single chip microcomputer provided in the present invention are convenient to operate, high-efficiency and energy-saving, and scalable, have comprehensive functions, and can implement smart simulation and control of parameters in a greenhouse environment including illumination, temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration; the temperature and humidity control system uses a PID control method, the temperature maximum absolute error being 1
