The phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) for use in the protection of pancreatic islet cells, preferably beta cells, is provided. Preferably, the protection of pancreatic islets cells maintains insulin production at levels which are able to substantially control or improve control of blood glucose levels in a patient. Preferably, the protection of pancreatic islet cells supports the treatment of diabetic or pre-diabetic patients, wherein the patient has or is pre-disposed to type 1 or type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes. The THCV may be used in combination with one or more additional anti-diabetic agents such as metformin and/or anti-obesity agents. The THCV may be in the form of a synthetic cannabinoid, an isolated cannabinoid or as an extract from a cannabis plant such as a botanical drug substance. Preferably, the THCV when present in the form of a botanical drug substance is substantially free of the phytocannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD). THCV for use in the treatment of type 1 diabetes is also outlined.
