Embodiments of various aspects described herein are directed to methods and compositions for producing a tolerognic or immunosuppressive dendritic cell. In particular an immunosuppressive dendritc cell can be produced by contacting a dendritic cell with an agent that stimulates the IL 27/ectonucleotidase CD39 axis signaling. In some embodiments the methods and/or compositions described herein can be used for treating an autoimmune disease or disorder e.g. but not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes.
