The invention relates to the field of medicine, specifically to ophthalmology. To produce a typology of hereditary keratectasias, at least six types of hereditary keratectasias are distinguished and diagnosed, including isolated keratoconus, keratoconus as a part of syndromes, keratoconus in combination with other eye conditions, keratoglobus, pellucid degeneration, and hereditary keratitis, on the basis of conducting pre-clinical laboratory studies, including biological-molecular studies, immunological studies, immunohistochemical studies, biochemical studies, morphological studies, and electron microscope studies； conducting clinical ophthalmological studies and general syndromological studies； conducting instrument-based studies of the eyes and other human systems and organs； and conducting genetic counseling. The method allows for the preventative and surgical treatment of keratectasia depending on the type of keratectasia and the anatomical degree of damage.
