A cosmetic composition for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibres comprises one or more oxidation dye(s) one or more cationic polymer(s) one or more amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant(s) one or more non ionic surfactants chosen from alkanolamides of C6 C30 fatty acides and one or more anionic surfactant(s) in an amount of at least 1.5% by weight with regard to the total weight of the composition. A process for dyeing keratin fibres using the composition and a kit suitable for implementing such a process are also provided.