Methods of improving recovery of a mammal after an ischemic event ( e.g ., stroke) are provided. In various embodiments the methods involve administering a neural growth factor ( e.g. , BDNF) into the infarct (e.g., stroke) cavity in a biocompatible hydrogel formulation. In certain embodiments the hydrogel comprises a thiolated hyaluronan and a thiolated gelatin with an optional thiolated heparin.