Catheter apparatuses, systems, and methods for achieving renal neuromodulation by intravascular access are disclosed herein. One aspect of the present application, for example, is directed to apparatuses, systems, and methods that incorporate a catheter treatment device comprising an elongated shaft. The elongated shaft is sized and configured to deliver an energy delivery element to a renal artery via an intravascular path. Thermal or electrical renal neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect application of thermal and/or electrical energy to heat or cool, or otherwise electrically modulate, neural fibers that contribute to renal function, or of vascular structures that feed or perfuse the neural fibers.本發明揭示藉由血管內通路達成腎臟神經協調的導管裝置、系統及方法。舉例而言，本申請案之一態樣係針對併有包含一細長軸桿之一導管治療設備的裝置、系統及方法。該細長軸桿經設定尺寸且經組態以將一能量傳遞元件經由一血管內路徑傳遞至一腎動脈。經由直接施加及/或經由間接施加熱能及/或電能來加熱或冷卻，或以其他方式對促成腎臟功能的神經纖維或通向或灌注該等神經纖維的血管結構進行電協調，可達成熱或電腎臟神經協調。
