The present invention relates to an engine driver recognition system and method using brain waves. In particular, the engine driver recognition system comprises a brain wave detection means for detecting a brain wave signal from a driver of a train in operation； and a data processing means for collecting brain wave signals from the brain wave detection means and analyzing the conscious state of the engine driver, wherein said system detects brain waves of the engine driver in the train, analyzes brain wave signals detected for analysis of the conscious state of the engine driver and then displays analysis results. According to the present invention, monitoring brain waves of an engine driver allows a control center to efficiently decide whether the engine driver has a decreased conscious level in view of alertness, such as, for example, whether the engine driver has fallen asleep, is under anesthetic or feels drowsy. Therefore, when the engine driver is in such a low alert state, the control center can take quick action to cope with any incident.
