Live virus vaccines comprise attenuated viruses, while other vaccines comprisekilled viruses or parts thereof. It has now been found that the immuneresponse induced by oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), which is a live vaccine, iscross-reactive with non-polio enteroviruses. OPV is therefore useful in theprevention of non-polio enterovirus diseases, especially Type 1 diabetesmellitus (IDDM). OPV is also useful in combination with killed/subunit non-polio enterovirus vaccines, whereby it prevents harmful side-effects of thekilled/subunit vaccine by shifting the immune response from a harmful Th2-type response to a Th1 type response.
