Disclosed are inhalation formulations of dry powders comprising particles and processes which yield particles to effectively bypass unwanted deposition in the mouth and throat. Embodiments of the invention are characterized by an inertial parameter which provide an in vitro total lung dose of greater than 80% of a nominal dose. Embodiments of formulations include neat formulations containing active agent only； formulations of active agent and buffer； and formulations comprising active agent, a glass-forming, and/or a shell-forming excipient. Also provided are methods for making the dry powder formulations. The powder formulations are useful for the treatment of diseases and conditions especially respiratory diseases and conditions.
