A composition for modulating the immune response in a mammal comprising apharmaceutically acceptable carriersolution and a plurality of biodegradable nanoparticles, wherein thenanoparticles comprise a targeting moiety that is able to bindselectively to the surface of a T lymphocyte cell and/or of a vascularendothelial cell and wherein the nanoparticles furthercomprise leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Nanoparticle-mediated targeteddelivery of LIF can be used a means to guide tolerogenesisin a patient and has immediate clinical application for recipients of organgrafts and also for patients suffering from autoimmunedisease.
