A device and method for intravascular treatment of an embolism is disclosed herein. One aspect of the present technology, for example, is directed toward a clot treatment device that includes a support member configured to extend through a delivery catheter and a plurality of clot engagement members positioned about the circumference of a distal portion of the support member. The clot engagement members can be configured to penetrate clot material along an arcuate path and mechanically macerate clot and release embolic particles when re-sheathed into the delivery catheter.