The present invention describes compositions and related methods and kits for treating a variety of inflammatory conditions and infections. The therapeutic compositions include certain hyaluronidases capable of generating hyaluronan disaccharides when combined with hyaluronan and/or the hyaluronan disaccharides themselves and/or inflammatory hyaluronidase inhibitors. The invention further discloses the use of hyaluronidase inhibitors to treat certain infections in an individual.