The present invention relates to a recombinant Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) comprising in the viral genome one or more expression cassettes for the expression of HIV proteins selected from Gag, Pol, Tat, Vif, Vpu, Vpr, Rev and Nef or a part or a derivative thereof or selected from Gag, Pol, Vpu, Vpr, Rev and Nef or a part or a derivative thereof for use as medicament or vaccine and its use for the treatment and/or prevention of HIV infections and AIDS.