A method is provided for simultaneously producing both nephron progenitor cells and ureteric epithelial progenitor cells including the step of contacting intermediate mesoderm cells with: fibroblast growth factor (9) and/or fibroblast growth factor (20) and optionally one or more selected from the group consisting of. bone rnorphogenic protein 7； heparin: a Wnt agonist； retinoic acid； and an RA antagonist. The concentrations of Writ agonist retinoic acid and/or RA antagonist may be manipulated to favour the relative production of nephron progenitor cells and ureteric epithelial progenitor cells. The intermediate mesoderm cells are ultimately derived from human pluripotent stem cells via a posterior primitive streak stage. The nephron progenitor cells and ureteric epithelial progenitor cells may have end uses such as for kidney repair and regeneration bioprmting of kidneys and screening compounds for nephrotoxicity.
