The present invention relates to a composition for dyeing human keratin fibres, such as the hair, which is free of oxidizing agent other than atmospheric oxygen and which is in cream form, comprising: (a) at least one oxidation dye precursor； (b) at least one ionic surfactant； (c) at least one oil； (d) optionally at least one solid fatty alcohol in a content of not more than 0.5% by weight relative to the weight of the composition； (e) at least one thickening polymer. The invention also relates to a process for dyeing human keratin fibres, in which this composition is applied to the said fibres, in the presence of at least one oxidizing agent other than atmospheric oxygen, and also to a multi-compartment device that is suitable for performing this process.
