An apparatus and method for measuring a biological component are provided. The apparatus may include a spectrum data acquirer configured to acquire spectrum data of a user by emitting light to a skin of the user and detecting the light reflected from the skin, and a processor configured to extract a user characteristic signal from the acquired spectrum data using a background signal and a first unit component spectrum and generate a second unit component spectrum personalized to the user by updating the first unit component spectrum based on the user characteristic signal.
