PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivation system, and a plant cultivation method improving energy utilization efficiency, and controlling growth of plants.SOLUTION: The plant cultivation system 1 includes a plant cultivation house 1A including photonic crystal film 2A partioning the inside from the outside, an artificial light source 3A provided in the plant cultivation house 1A to emit light of wavelength λ1, a light emission control device 4A to control light emission of the artificial light source 3A, and a cultivation facility 5A provided in the plant cultivation house 1A to cultivate lighting chrysanthemums. Most of the light radiated from the artificial light source 3A is not absorbed by the lighting chrysanthemums, but radiated to the photonic crystal film 2A. However, since the photonic crystal film 2A has a property of reflecting light of wavelength λ1, light radiated from the artificial light source 3A does not leak almost at all out of the plant cultivation house 1A, but is radiated to the lighting chrysanthemums in the plant cultivation house 1A.
