The present invention provides methods for determining the selectivity of a sedative for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by determining the molar water solubility of the sedative. The invention further provides methods for modulating the selectivity of a sedative for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by altering or modifying the sedative to have higher or lower water solubility. The invention further provides methods of inducing sedation in a subject by administering via the respiratory pathways (e.g., via inhalational or pulmonary delivery) an effective amount of an anesthetic compound identified according to the present methods and at a vapor pressure less than 0.1 atm (76 mm Hg).
