Described herein are glass or glass-ceramic articles having improved antimicrobial efficacy. Further described are methods of making and using the improved articles. The improved articles generally include a glass or glass-ceramic substrate, a compressive stress layer that extends inward from a surface of the glass or glass-ceramic substrate to a first depth therein, and an antimicrobial agent-containing region that extends inward from the surface of the glass or glass-ceramic substrate to a second depth therein. The antimicrobial agent-containing region may include at least one of a plurality of ion exchanged-copper ions and a plurality of ion exchanged-silver ions, arranged in a predetermined portion of the surface.
