PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition suitable for manufacturing a bone or tooth filling material, the composition having superior handling performance, facilitating accurate measurement of each cement in cement manufacturing, and being capable of preparing a cured product having high compressive strength, and to provide a method for manufacturing the bone or tooth filling material using the composition.SOLUTION: The composition includes calcium phosphate that is treated by inositol phosphate, chitosan and organic acid. Moreover, the method for manufacturing the bone or tooth filling material includes kneading the composition with water.