Techniques are provided that identify and localize on to reentrant and ectopic patterns of electrical activation in the heart wall. These patterns may correspond to atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, or other heart arrhythmia conditions. The techniques detect these patterns of electrical activity using a multi-lead an intra-cavitary catheter that, along with a controller, is able to track, over a multi-dimensional cubic space, reentrant activity and identify filaments in the heart cavity. The intra-cavitary catheter includes multiple conducting poles positioned in a configuration relative to each other and functioning as either or both sensing and active poles for measuring electrical pathways in the heart wall and over the multi-dimensional space.
