Disclosed are methods, means, and compositions of matter useful for the stimulation of angiogenesis directly by administration of membrane vesicles, such as fibroblast-derived exosomes, and/or through induction of angiogenic cytokines from blood cells contacted with fibroblast-derived exosomes. The invention provides means of treating conditions in which angiogenesis is beneficial through local or systemic administration of exosomes, including those derived from fibroblasts, wherein the fibroblasts are cultured under basal conditions or conditions of hypoxia. In other embodiments exosomes derived from fibroblasts are utilized to augment endogenous regenerative processes, such as hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, as well as augment regenerative processes stimulated by administration of exogenous therapeutics such as cells, growth factors, or genes.
