In one aspect, a system for adjusting closing disc penetration depth of a seed-planting implement may include a furrow closing assembly having at least oneclosingdisc configured to penetrate the soil in a manner that closes a furrow formedin thesoil by the seed-planting implement. The system may also include an actuatorconfigured to adjust a penetration depth of the at least one closing disc.Furthermore,the system may include a controller configured to receive an input indicativeof atleast one of an operation of the seed-planting implement or a field conditionof a fieldacross which the seed-planting implement is being moved. Additionally, thecontroller may be further configured to control an operation of the actuatorin amanner that adjusts the penetration depth of the at least one closing discbased on thereceived input.