Improved methods for the production of tissue-engineered constructs, including muscular tissue constructs such as vascular constructs, are disclosed. The methods include the use of improved substrates for cell growth, improved cell culture media for cell growth, and the use of distensible bodies to impart pulsatile stretching force to the lumens of constructs during growth. Also disclosed are improved products and methods for making those products, including substrates and cell culture media, for tissue engineering and tissue culture generally. Improved muscular tissue constructs, including vascular constructs, are also disclosed, which may be used in medicine for the repair or replacement of damaged natural structures.
