Disclosed herein are drug-containing vesicles, each of which includes a carbon dot liposome (C-dot liposome) formed by a plurality of Janus particles, which are self-assembled into the C-dot liposome； and a drug encapsulated within the C-dot liposome. Also disclosed herein is a method of producing the drug-containing vesicles. The method includes, mixing a plurality of Janus particles with a drug solution (e.g., an anti-cancer drug solution) to form a mixed solution； and producing the drug-containing vesicles either by a film-hydration method or an injection method. In the film-hydration method, the mixed solution is condensed until a film-like structure is formed； and sonicating the film-like structure in a salt solution to produce the drug-containing vesicle. In the injection method, the mixed solution is rapidly injected into a salt solution to produce the drug-containing vesicle. Also encompasses in the present disclosure are methods for treating a subject afflicted with a cancer. In some embodiments, the method includes administering an effective amount of the drug-containing vesicles to the subject to suppress the growth of the cancer. In other embodiments, the method includes administering an effective amount of C-dot liposome to the subject； and irradiating the subject with a first and a second wavelength of 350-400 nm and 480-550 nm.
