Provided are a cultivation device (1), a multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation system containing the cultivation device (1), and a plant factory planting system containing the multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation system. The cultivation device (1) comprises a planting box (10) and a planting plate (20), which can be moved integrally, a nutrient solution inlet (101) and a nutrient solution outlet (102) are formed at the same side of the planting box (10), the multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation system comprises a support layer frame, a nutrient solution supply system arranged on the support layer frame, and the cultivation device (1) can be installed on the support layer frame integrally and detachably. The planting box (10) and the planting plate (20) of the cultivation device (1) can be taken and placed as a whole, thereby protecting plant seedings from harm, and avoiding leakage of the nutrient solution, and independent placement of each cultivation device (1) do not affect the growth of other plants on the support layer frame, thereby simplifying production management. The multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation system solves the problems of the three-dimensional cultivation of plants in solution supply, automatic operation, cultivation device and pipeline cleaning, environmental control and the like.
