Processes for producing interbody spinal implants having a body with a top surface, a bottom surface, opposing lateral sides, opposing anterior and posterior portions, a substantially hollow center, and a single vertical aperture； and optionally, one or two integration plates affixed to the body. The processes include applying an additive process, a subtractive process, or both processes to at least one surface of the interbody spinal implant to form a roughened surface topography having a regular repeating pattern. The roughened surface topography is specifically designed to provide certain frictional characteristics, load dispersion, and to influence the biological responses that occur during bone healing and fusion.
