The invention relates to a system (1) for determining the quality of a bone structure (2), comprising: a body adapted for drilling through the bone structure； a first electrode (11) arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure (2) during drilling； a second electrode (12) arranged on the body so as to come into contact with the bone structure (2) at a distance from the first electrode (11) during drilling； an electric generator (23) adapted to apply an electric current between the first (11) and second (12) electrodes for a pre-determined period of time； a measuring device (24) adapted to measure the electric current, continuously and over the pre-determined period； and a processing device (28) adapted (i) to determine, continuously and over the pre-determined period, an electrical magnitude representative of the aptitude of the bone structure (2) for allowing electric current to pass therethrough and (ii) to deliver, continuously and over the pre-determined period, a signal representative of the quality of the bone structure (2) between the contact surfaces of the first (11) and second (12) electrodes, using the determined electrical magnitude.
