A method to detect internal bleeding complications. The method includes determining, by an impedance assessment unit, a bioimpedance value at each of a plurality of frequencies. The method further includes normalizing, by the impedance assessment unit, each bioimpedance value at each frequency to a calibration bioimpedance value at that same frequency to produce a set of normalized bioimpedance values at the plurality of frequencies. The method also includes computing a bleed indication value based on the set of normalized bioimpedance values and generating an alarm indicative of a bleed complication based on a comparison of the bleed indication value to a threshold.
