Provided herein are methods for the treatment in a subject of anemia, anemia requiring RBC transfusion, low or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and/or non-proliferative chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in any mammals wherein the methods comprise administration of Activin-ActRII signaling inhibitors to a subject in need of the treatment.本文提供用於治療任何哺乳動物個體之貧血、需要RBC輸注之貧血、低或中等-1-風險型骨髓發育不良症候群(MDS)及/或非增生性慢性骨髓單核細胞性白血病(CMML)之方法,其中該等方法包含投與需要該治療之個體活化素-ActRII信號傳導抑制劑。