Disclosed are methods, compositions of matter, and cells, useful for the treatment of autism, social integrative disorders, and various cognitive abnormalities. The invention discloses, inter alia, means of inducing angiogenesis and immune modulation either in sequence or parallel in order to substantially ameliorate or reverse the progression of autism. The use of stem cells, and cells naturally possessing or endowed with angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity are disclosed for autism either alone or in combination with various therapeutic interventions.
