Tools and techniques for enhancing intelligent medical monitoring, and in particular monitoring that employs models for estimating and/or predicting physiological conditions. In an aspect, some of these tools and techniques employ active physical perturbation of a test subject (or patient), to induce physiological changes in the subject. By monitoring one or more of the patients physiological parameters shortly before, during, and/or after the physical perturbation, the subjects reaction to the perturbation can be determined, and this reaction can be used to estimate and/or predict the subjects physiological state and/or clinical condition. In a particular case, the subjects response to the physical perturbation can be used to construct and/or refine a model that can be applied to analyze the subjects physiological parameters to produce such predications and/or estimations.
