In one embodiment, a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium embodies software that is operable when executed to, in real time, capture, by a single sensor, a number of images of a user； determine, based on the number of images, one or more short-term cardiological signals of the user during a period of time； estimate, based on the cardiological signals, a first short-term emotional state of the user； determine, based on the number of images, one or more short-term neurological signals of the user during the period of time； estimate, based on the neurological signals, a second short-term emotional state of the user； compare the first estimated emotional state to the second estimated emotional state； and in response to a determination that the first estimated emotional state corresponds to the second estimated emotional state, determine a short-term emotion of the user during the period of time.
