The present invention provides a use for alkaline phosphatase for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or reduction of toxic LPS influx through a mucosal lining of a mammalian body cavity. A source of alkaline phosphatase is administered for the prophylaxis or treatment of LPS mediated or exacerbated diseases. The invention also provides compositions comprising a source of alkaline phosphatase for the prevention or reduction of (toxic) LPS influx or passage through mucosal layers.
