An electric-field enhancement element includes a propagating surface plasmon generating unit a localized surface plasmon generating unit that is formed on an upper portion of a surface of a substrate and includes a plurality of fine metal structure bodies and a metal layer that is formed on an upper portion of the substrate surface and propagates a propagating surface plasmon generated by the propagating surface plasmon generating unit to the localized surface plasmon generating unit in a direction along the substrate surface, in which the fine metal structure body includes a plurality of fine metal structures which are arranged to be separated from each other in a normal direction of the substrate surface.
