An X-ray product quality online inspection device of the present invention comprises: a distributed X-ray source having a plurality of targets and being able to generate X-rays for irradiating an inspected product from the plurality of targets in a predetermined sequence； a detector for receiving the X-rays generated by the distributed X-ray source and outputting a signal representing characteristics of the received X-rays； a transport device which is located between the distributed X-ray source and the detector for carrying the inspected product to pass through an X-ray radiation region, wherein the transport device is arranged as a continuous transport mechanism which matches a production line of the inspected product； and a power supply and control device, which is used to supply power to and control the X-ray product quality online inspection device.
