Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to identifying and profiling muscle patterns. In one embodiment, a method includes acquiring image data associated with a selected muscle or group of muscles of one or more subjects and determining, based on the image data, muscle volume of the selected muscle or group of muscles. The method also includes calculating, based on the muscle volume and the height and mass of the one or more subjects, a height-mass normalized muscle volume for the selected muscle or group of muscles, and determining a deviation of the height-mass normalized muscle volume of the selected muscle or group of muscles from a mean value of muscle volume associated with a corresponding reference muscle or reference group of muscles. The method also includes identifying, based on the deviation, a muscle abnormality or absence of a muscle abnormality in the selected muscle or group of muscles.
