A surgical instrument, a surgical mesh and a surgical retraction means of the instrument, and a surgical method using the instrument, in which the surgical retraction means is connected to the mesh and to a body tissue at opposite ends, and so the tissue retraction force can be distributed to several holding parts that fasten the mesh to the inner surface of a body cavity, thereby efficiently drawing back the body tissue in various directions. The surgical instrument includes a mesh fastened in an open state to the inner surface of the body cavity using a fastening means and a surgical retraction means selectively and removably connected at a first end to a point of the mesh and connected at a second end to a part of the internal tissue that is required to be drawn back, so that the surgical retraction means can efficiently draw back the internal tissue.
