Provided herein are methods for treating a subject in need of such treatment comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a 1,2-HOPO chelating agent and/or a 3,2-HOPO chelating agent to a subject in need of such treatment. The subject can be one who has been, or will be, exposed to one or more known or unknown actinides and/or lanthanides, or a mixture thereof.