A pharmaceutical composition comprising an active agent that causes reduction of the level of systemic immunosuppression in an individual by release of a restraint imposed on the immune system by one or more immune checkpoints, for use in treating a disease, disorder, condition or injury of the CNS that does not include the autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease, relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and said one or more immune checkpoints is selected from the group consisting of ICOS-B7RP1, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), B7- CD28-like molecule, CD40L-CD40, CD28-CD80, CD28-CD86, B7H3, B7H4, B7H7, BTLA- HVEM, CD137-CD137L, OX40L, CD27-CD70, STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING), T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) and A2a R-Adenosine and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-L-tryptophan is provided. The pharmaceutical composition is for administration by a dosage regimen comprising at least two courses of therapy, each course of therapy comprising in sequence a treatment session followed by an interval session of non-treatment.
