The present invention discloses an individual-level transcranial brain atlas generation method, where invisible intracerebral atlas information may be projected onto a visible scalp surface, so that an operational space and an effective space that are originally separated are fused together. For the problem of applying a transcranial brain atlas to guidance of individual placement of a transcranial device, the present invention further provides an individual-characteristic-based transcranial brain atlas generation method and navigation system. An experimental result indicates that, the present invention can be used to effectively improve coverage accuracy of a near-infrared measurement optrode in a brain region of interest, and consistency between measurement locations on upper cortexes of different persons, thereby improving sensibility of detecting a task-induced brain activity by using a near-infrared technology.
