The present invention provides an anti-inflammatory agent containing a rare fatty acid such as a hydroxylated fatty acid or an oxo fatty acid, and a food, a pharmaceutical or the like containing the anti-inflammatory agent.本発明は、水酸化脂肪酸、オキソ脂肪酸等の希少脂肪酸を含む抗炎症剤、さらに、当該抗炎症剤を含む食品、医薬品等を提供する。