Use of molecular oxygen for the treatment of diseases of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract associated with the colonization of anaerobic or facultative anaerobic pathogens, is claimed. An independent claim is included for a pharmaceutical preparation comprising molecular oxygen, at least one oily liquid organopolysiloxane and optionally further additives. ACTIVITY : Antiinflammatory; Gastrointestinal-Gen; Antiulcer; Antibacterial. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.