A computer-implemented method is disclosed. The computer-implemented method comprises receiving, by a computer system, ingestible event marker (IEM) system information from a receiver worn by a subject, the IEM system information comprising information associated with ingestion of medication by the subject, wherein the receiver is configured to communicate with the computer system； receiving, by the computer system, contextual information associated with the subject； and calculating, by the computer system, a composite risk score based on the IEM system information and the contextual information associated with the subject.
